1 天津职业技术师范大学 机械工程学院,天津 300222
2 天津大学 天津大学精密测试技术及仪器国家重点实验室,天津 300072
3 天津理工大学 电气电子工程学院,天津 300384
在基于视觉图像的位姿测量中,非线性位姿测量算法的全局收敛存在不确定性,测量结果取决于初值的选取,不能保证位姿测量的鲁棒性。线性位姿测量算法对图像处理的要求比较高,如果定位特征点图像坐标提取不够精确,会导致位姿测量精度降低。在自然光条件下,相机采集定位特征点图像,图像中高亮度区域的存在对定位特征点提取精度产生影响,进而使有效定位特征点数量减少,影响位姿测量精度。针对上述问题,文中提出了一种基于最佳偏振角的线性位姿测量方法:在相机镜头前加装线偏振片,根据Stokes矢量建立偏振片最佳偏振角度求解模型,在使用最佳偏振角度的前提下采集定位特征点图像,提取图像坐标;建立线性位姿求解模型,计算被测物体位姿。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效减少图像中的高亮度区域,改善成像质量,提高线性位姿测量精度,在−60°~+60°的测量范围内,角度测量误差小于±0.16°,在0~20 mm的测量范围内,位移测量误差小于±0.05 mm。
位姿测量 最佳偏振角 线性算法 Stokes矢量 pose measurement optimal polarization angle linear algorithm Stokes vector 红外与激光工程
2022, 51(3): 20210241
红外与激光工程
2021, 50(5): 20200326
Author Affiliations
Abstract
A two-step method for pose estimation based on five co-planar reference points is studied. In the first step, the pose of the object is estimated by a simple analytical solving process. The pixel coordinates of reference points on the image plane are extracted through image processing. Then, using affine invariants of the reference points with certain distances between each other, the coordinates of reference points in the camera coordinate system are solved. In the second step, the results obtained in the first step are used as initial values of an iterative solving process for gathering the exact solution. In such a solution, an unconstrained nonlinear optimization objective function is established through the objective functions produced by the depth estimation and the co-planarity of the five reference points to ensure the accuracy and convergence rate of the non-linear algorithm. The Levenberg-Marquardt optimization method is utilized to refine the initial values. The coordinates of the reference points in the camera coordinate system are obtained and transformed into the pose of the object. Experimental results show that the RMS of the azimuth angle reaches 0.076o in the measurement range of 0o-90o; the root mean square (RMS) of the pitch angle reaches 0.035o in the measurement range of 0o-60o; and the RMS of the roll angle reaches 0.036o in the measurement range of 0o-60o.
150.0155 Machine vision optics 330.4060 Vision modeling Chinese Optics Letters
2012, 10(7): 071501
Author Affiliations
Abstract
State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
The pose estimation method based on geometric constraints is studied. The coordinates of the five feature points in the camera coordinate system are calculated to obtain the pose of an object on the basis of the geometric constraints formed by the connective lines of the feature points and the coordinates of the feature points on the CCD image plane; during the solution process, the scaling and orthography projection model is used to approximate the perspective projection model. The initial values of the coordinates of the five feature points in the camera coordinate system are obtained to ensure the accuracy and convergence rate of the non-linear algorithm. In accordance with the perspective projection characteristics of the circular feature landmarks, we propose an approach that enables the iterative acquisition of accurate target poses through the correction of the perspective projection coordinates of the circular feature landmark centers. Experimental results show that the translation positioning accuracy reaches ±0.05 mm in the measurement range of 0–40 mm, and the rotation positioning accuracy reaches ±0.06o in the measurement range of 4o–60o.
物体位姿 几何约束 缩放正交投影 圆形特征标志 校正 150.0155 Machine vision optics 330.4060 Vision modeling Chinese Optics Letters
2011, 9(8): 081501
Author Affiliations
Abstract
State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
In order to estimate the position and orientation of an object with a single camera, a novel measurement method based on pinhole camera model with five reference points is presented. Taking the specially designed planar target with the monocular vision system, the projection line of the reference points is built. According to the projection model, the coordinates of the reference points in the camera coordinate system are estimated with the least-squares algorithm. Thus the position and orientation of the target are worked out. Experimental result shows that the measurement precision of angle is less than 0.2°, and that of displacement is less than 0.1 mm.
姿态测量 单目视觉 小孔成像 投射模型 150.1135 Algorithms 330.4060 Vision modeling 150.0155 Machine vision optics Chinese Optics Letters
2010, 8(1): 55